differential pressure type flow and the relationship between the differential pressure of orifice flowmeter, illustrated as follows: pressure transmitter measuring flow, the differential of 0 ~ 100 kpa, secondary table range of 0-200 t/h, differential pressure transmitter output current for 4 & ndash; 20 ma, test for flow of 50 t/h and 160 t/h when the corresponding differential pressure value and current value is how much?

1) According to the differential pressure flow formula:

F = K× △p△px /△p = ( Fmax/F） 2 ( Square) △px =△p ( Fmax/F） 2 = 100000 ( 50/200) 2 ( Square) = 6. 25 kpai = ( Fmax/F） × 16+4=8mA△px=100000( 160/200) 2 ( Square) =64KPaI=( 160/200) × 16 + 4 = 16. 8 mA

2) Flow rate and differential pressure is generally open to relationships,

the F * F = K * delta p, K = F× F/delta P = 200 * 200/100 = 400 kpa < / P > < P > when flow rate of 50 t/h: delta P1 F1 / K = 50 * * F1 = 50/400 = 6. 25 kpa for the output current ( 20mA- 4mA） × 6. 25/100 + 4 = 5 ma

flow for 160 t/h: delta P2 = F2 * F2 / K = 160 * 160/400 = 64 kpa for the output current ( 20mA- 4mA） × 64/100 + 4 = 14. 24马

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Abstract: the washer electromagnetic flowmeter scale operating basics information produced by excellent flow meter, flow meter manufacturer to offer you the quotation. Gasket electromagnetic flowmeter basic main point 1, net blow-down test, the downstream pressure to atmospheric pressure, such as the pressure difference is too big or too small, it can be adjusted by changing the orifice plate. 2, wind, wind measurement, not against the wind measuring gas, gas exit no. More flow meter manufacturers choose model price quote you are welcome to inquire, here is a washer electromagnetic flowmeter scale operating basics article details. Gasket electromagnetic flowmeter basic main point 1, net blow-down test, the downstream pressure to atmospheric pressure, such as the pressure difference is too big or too small, it can be adjusted by changing the orifice plate. 2, wind, wind measurement, not against the wind measuring gas, gas export cannot be blocked, U tube must be upright, avoid causing reading error. 3, smooth operation, at the beginning of every 5 min record the differential pressure and air temperature, and stability. 4, test, 30 a u-shaped tube with 150 mm it is advisable to measure liquid, gas in commonly 3000 m3 / d, u-shaped tube water had better, more than 3000 m3 / d, but instead of mercury. 5, to facilitate the differential reading, should add the appropriate water color, water to clean. 6, side air, there be no open flame and combustible materials, to ensure the safety of the gas measurement. Above is all there is in this article, you are welcome to inquire me manufacturer flowmeter selection, quotation, etc.
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Abstract: The application design and strategy principle information of commonly used flowmeters are provided by excellent flowmeter and flowmeter production and quotation manufacturers. Instruments that measure the speed of water flow in water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and channels. There are three types: mechanical, electrical and ultrasonic. The mechanical type is mainly rotor type, and there are propeller type and rotary cup type flow meter. The electrical measuring type has an electromagnetic flowmeter. Ultrasound type time difference and Doppler. For more flowmeter manufacturers to select models and price quotations, you are welcome to inquire. The following are the details of the application design and strategy principles of commonly used flowmeters. Instruments that measure the speed of water flow in water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and channels. There are three types: mechanical, electrical and ultrasonic. The mechanical type is mainly rotor type, and there are propeller type and rotary cup type flow meter. The electrical measuring type has an electromagnetic flowmeter. Ultrasonic time difference and Doppler flow meter. The flow meter is generally suitable for the average flow velocity during the fixed-point measurement period. The instantaneous flow velocity can be measured by a magnetic flowmeter or a rotor-type flowmeter with multiple signals at one turn, and it can also be used for speed measurement by moving boats. The speed measurement range of the instrument is generally 0.03 to 5.00 m/s, and the applicable water depth is generally 0.2 to 20 meters. In 1790, German R. Walterman made a rotor-type flowmeter for flow measurement. The rotary cup type and propeller type flowmeters manufactured and used in China in the 1950s and 1960s have the characteristics of good waterproof and sandproof performance. The development direction of flow meter is non-rotor electrical measurement technology, optical technology, ultrasonic technology and telemetry technology. (See color picture) The propeller type current meter is mainly composed of three parts: the propeller, the frame and the tail. The propeller is equipped with signal contacts and bearing shafts, etc., China '25-1 type”The rotating shaft system of the propeller flow meter has a tortuous labyrinth structure, which is filled with light oil, which has good waterproof and sand-proof performance, and can be used in high-speed and sandy rivers. The propeller-type flowmeter, the rotary-cup flowmeter and the rotary-vane flowmeter are all rotor-type flowmeters, and the working principle is basically the same. The formula is: Velocity Ritualυis the flow rate; N is the total number of revolutions in the period; t is the duration of the period; c is a constant, reflecting the frictional resistance when the rotor rotates; the K value depends on the blade pitch or cup shape. K and c values ​​are all tested in a special water tank. In the case of low speed, due to the great influence of the c value, the flow velocity formula is a curve function, and the above formula is no longer used. The number of revolutions is displayed by a counter. The simplest counters are small lamps, bells and transistor speakers. Every time the propeller rotates 20 times, the switch is turned on once, the electric light flashes or the sound is counted manually, and the stop watch is used for timing. The more perfect ones include electric counters, electronic counters, timing counters and direct-reading flow rate displays. These counters can be used for A current meter with many signals per rotation of the propeller can improve the speed measurement accuracy. The principle of the electromagnetic flowmeter is to use the water flow as a conductor to cut the magnetic field lines in a certain magnetic field, that is, to generate an electromotive force, and its voltage is proportional to the flow rate. The instrument has no rotor, smooth appearance, small volume and low power consumption. There is an excitation coil in the body cavity, and a pair of electrodes are embedded in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field line on the surface to communicate with the water body. When the water flows on its surface, a trace voltage signal is generated on the electrode, which is transmitted to the counter with a wire, and the flow rate can be directly displayed after circuit processing such as amplification and analog-to-digital conversion. The principle of ultrasonic velocimeter is shown in the figure. The transducer is placed in a certain depth of water on both sides of the river bank, in the direction of a diagonal line. The time period for a sound pulse from point A to reach point B is t1, and the time period for sending a sound pulse from point B to point A is t2. , the speed of sound decreases in the upstream direction, and increases in the downstream direction, the time difference Δt=t1-t2, the velocityυIt has a linear functional relationship with Δt. Using the microsecond-level timing circuit, after processing and calculation, the average flow rate on the AB line segment can be directly displayed. The above is the whole content of this article. You are welcome to inquire about the flowmeter selection and quotation of our factory. 'Application Design and Strategy Principles of Commonly Used Flow Meters'
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Understanding the Coriolis Flow Meter: An Essential Instrument for Precise Flow Measurement

Introduction:

The Coriolis flow meter is a widely used instrument in various industries for accurate flow measurement. It operates on the principle of the Coriolis effect, which involves the deflection of moving fluid due to the rotation of the Earth. This article aims to delve into the workings of a Coriolis flow meter, its applications, advantages, limitations, and future developments.

I. The Coriolis Effect: The Fundamental Principle

The Coriolis effect, named after French mathematician Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis, describes the behavior of moving fluids and particles in a rotating frame of reference. When fluid flows through a vibrating tube in a Coriolis flow meter, the tubing experiences a slight twist due to the Coriolis effect. This twist is directly proportional to the mass flow rate.

II. Construction and Operation

A Coriolis flow meter typically consists of a vibrating tube, sensors, and a processor or transmitter. The vibrating tube, usually made of stainless steel or other strong alloys, is designed in various shapes and sizes to meet specific application requirements. The tube is excited electromechanically, causing it to vibrate in a specific frequency or mode. As fluid passes through the vibrating tube, it experiences the Coriolis force, resulting in a phase shift between the input and output signals, which is measured by the sensors.

III. Applications in Various Industries

1. Oil and Gas: Coriolis flow meters find extensive use in the oil and gas industry for the accurate measurement of various fluids, including crude oil, natural gas, and refined petroleum products. They play a crucial role in custody transfer applications and control processes in refineries, pipelines, and offshore platforms.

2. Chemical and Petrochemical: The Coriolis flow meter is widely employed in the chemical and petrochemical industry for precise measurement of corrosive and hazardous liquids and gases. They enable efficient monitoring and control of various processes, such as blending, mixing, and dispensing.

3. Food and Beverage: In the food and beverage industry, where sanitary standards are paramount, Coriolis flow meters are preferred for their hygienic design and ability to accurately measure liquids and slurries. They are extensively used in applications such as flavor dosing, batch control, and ingredient measurement.

4. Pharmaceutical: Due to the stringent quality and compliance requirements in the pharmaceutical industry, Coriolis flow meters are gaining popularity. They offer high accuracy in measuring fluids like vaccines, injectable drugs, and other critical pharmaceutical substances.

5. Water and Wastewater: Coriolis flow meters are increasingly used in water treatment plants and wastewater management systems for precise flow measurement, leak detection, and control of water resources. They enable the effective management of water distribution networks, ensuring optimal usage and conservation.

IV. Advantages and Limitations

1. Advantages:

a) High Accuracy: Coriolis flow meters offer exceptional accuracy, often exceeding other flow measurement technologies.

b) Mass Flow Measurement: Unlike other flow meters that require density compensation, Coriolis flow meters measure mass flow directly, making them highly reliable.

2. Limitations:

a) Cost: Coriolis flow meters tend to be costlier compared to some other flow measurement technologies.

b) Fluid Compatibility: While they can handle a wide range of fluids, some highly viscous liquids may pose challenges in certain designs.

V. Future Developments

To meet evolving industry needs, ongoing advancements are being made in Coriolis flow meter technology. These include increased accuracy, improved signal processing capabilities, enhanced compatibility with various fluids, and a wider range of flow rates. Manufacturers are also focusing on making Coriolis flow meters more energy-efficient and cost-effective.

Conclusion:

The Coriolis flow meter has revolutionized flow measurement technology, with its unmatched accuracy, direct mass flow measurement, and diverse applications. As industries continue to demand greater precision and efficiency, the Coriolis flow meter will undoubtedly remain a crucial instrument for accurate fluid measurement and control.

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Selecting the right flow meter for hazardous environments is crucial to ensure both safety and operational efficiency. Flow meters that comply with ATEX (Atmosphères Explosibles) directives are specially designed for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. These devices must adhere to stringent safety and performance standards. Understanding how to choose an ATEX-compliant flow meter is essential for maintaining a safe working environment while optimizing flow measurement accuracy and reliability. This article will guide you through the critical considerations for selecting ATEX-compliant flow meters.

Understanding ATEX Directives and Their Importance

ATEX, derived from the French term 'Atmosphères Explosibles,' is a set of directives in the European Union that focus on equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. The main objective of ATEX compliance is to enhance safety and minimize risks in industrial environments where flammable gases, vapors, mists, or dust may be present. Compliance with these directives ensures that equipment can operate safely without igniting the surrounding explosive atmosphere.

Understanding the importance of ATEX directives is crucial for companies operating in hazardous environments. Compliance not only helps in mitigating risks associated with explosions but also aligns with legal obligations, preventing possible fines and ensuring the safety of employees and facilities. Engineers and safety managers must have an in-depth knowledge of these directives to select the appropriate flow meter that meets all necessary safety criteria.

The ATEX directive consists of two main parts: ATEX 95 (94/9/EC) and ATEX 137 (99/92/EC). ATEX 95 deals with the requirements for equipment and protective systems to be used in explosive atmospheres, while ATEX 137 focuses on improving the safety and health of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres. Ensuring that a flow meter meets ATEX 95 compliance means that it has been rigorously tested and verified to function safely in hazardous conditions.

When selecting a flow meter, it’s important to consider the specific classification of the hazardous area. ATEX zones classify hazardous areas based on the likelihood and frequency of the presence of explosive atmospheres. Zones range from 0 (constant presence) to 2 (infrequent presence) for gases and vapors, and dust zones from 20 (constant presence) to 22 (infrequent presence). Identifying the correct zone is crucial in selecting a flow meter that offers adequate protection and is certified for that particular environment.

Key Types of ATEX-Compliant Flow Meters

Different industries and applications require various types of flow meters. Each type has its own set of advantages and ideal use cases, making it critical to select one that not only complies with ATEX standards but also best fits your specific needs.

Coriolis Flow Meters are known for their precision and reliability in measuring mass flow rates. They work by sending fluid through vibrating tubes and measuring the resulting changes in phase shift, which correlates with mass flow rate. These meters are highly accurate and versatile, making them suitable for a broad range of applications, including those involving hazardous materials. However, their complexity and higher cost might not be the best fit for every situation.

Ultrasonic Flow Meters measure the velocity of a fluid by using ultrasonic sound waves. These meters are non-invasive, which makes them highly safe for use in explosive atmospheres since there's no direct contact with the fluid being measured. Ultrasonic flow meters are particularly useful for measuring the flow rate of liquids and gases in situations where maintaining the integrity of the pipeline is crucial.

Thermal Mass Flow Meters operate by measuring the heat loss from a heated element to the flowing fluid. They are particularly useful for measuring the flow of gases and have the advantage of being relatively straightforward to use and maintain. They can be an excellent choice for applications where other flow measurement technologies might struggle, such as in low-pressure gas flows.

Turbine Flow Meters use a rotor placed within the fluid flow. The rotational speed of the rotor is proportional to the velocity of the fluid, allowing accurate flow measurement. These meters are known for their precision and quick response times but may not be suitable for all types of fluids, particularly those with high viscosity or particulates that could damage the rotor.

Electromagnetic Flow Meters, or magmeters, measure flow rate by using Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. They are best suited for conductive liquids and are highly accurate. One significant advantage of magmeters is their ability to measure flow without any moving parts, reducing wear and tear and making them exceptionally durable in hazardous environments.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Flow Meter

Selecting an ATEX-compliant flow meter requires consideration of numerous factors to ensure it meets the specific needs and safety requirements of your operation.

One of the primary factors to consider is the type of fluid. Different types of flow meters are better suited to different substances, whether liquid, gas, or slurry. The properties of the fluid, such as viscosity, conductivity, and temperature, can all influence the type of flow meter that will be most accurate and efficient. For instance, if you are dealing with non-conductive fluids, a Coriolis or ultrasonic flow meter might be more suitable than an electromagnetic flow meter.

Environmental conditions, including temperature and pressure, also play a significant role in the selection process. An ATEX-compliant flow meter must be capable of withstanding the specific environmental conditions in which it will operate. High temperatures and pressures can affect the performance and longevity of a flow meter, so it’s crucial to choose one that is designed to handle such extremes.

Installation requirements are another critical consideration. Some flow meters are easier to install and maintain than others. Ultrasonic flow meters, for instance, are often clamped on the outside of the pipe, making installation straightforward and non-intrusive. In contrast, other types might require cutting into the pipeline and may involve more complex setup procedures. This not only affects the initial installation cost but can also impact ongoing maintenance and operational downtime.

Another consideration is the accuracy and range of the flow meter. Precision is often critical in hazardous environments, where even small measurement errors can have significant safety and financial implications. Understanding the required accuracy for your specific application will guide you in selecting the most appropriate flow meter. Additionally, the meter should have a suitable measuring range to handle both the minimum and maximum expected flow rates in your system.

The cost of the flow meter, including both initial purchase and lifetime maintenance costs, is often a critical factor. While ATEX-compliant flow meters tend to be more expensive due to their enhanced safety features and certifications, it’s essential to consider the total cost of ownership. Cheaper alternatives might appear attractive initially but could end up costing more in the long run due to higher maintenance needs, reduced lifespan, or failure in meeting safety standards.

Certification and Documentation

Proper certification and documentation are indispensable when selecting ATEX-compliant flow meters. Ensuring that your equipment has the correct certification not only guarantees compliance with safety standards but also facilitates smooth regulatory inspections and audits.

An ATEX certification signifies that the flow meter has passed rigorous testing and meets all necessary safety requirements for use in explosive atmospheres. It’s crucial to verify that the certification is valid and from a recognized certification body, as counterfeit or substandard certifications can jeopardize safety. Typically, the certification documentation will include details such as the zone classifications for which the flow meter is suitable, along with temperature and pressure ratings. These details are vital for determining the appropriate application environments for the flow meter.

In addition to ATEX certification, look for other relevant certifications such as IECEx (International Electrotechnical Commission Explosive), which complements and often coexists with ATEX standards. Having multiple certifications can enhance the credibility and safety assurance of the flow meter.

Documentation should also include comprehensive user manuals and installation guides. These documents provide essential information for the correct installation, operation, and maintenance of the flow meter. They should detail procedures for safe handling, as well as guidelines for routine maintenance and troubleshooting. Clear and thorough documentation can help prevent operational mistakes that might lead to safety hazards.

Vendor support and after-sales service are also crucial elements to consider. Reputable manufacturers often provide robust after-sales support, including training sessions, maintenance services, and availability of spare parts. Quality customer support can be valuable, especially in the initial installation phase and for ongoing maintenance and troubleshooting.

Finally, maintaining a documented history of flow meter installations, inspections, and maintenance activities is a best practice. This record can be invaluable for regulatory compliance and for tracking the operational history of your equipment. It helps in predicting maintenance needs, planning replacements, and ensuring that all equipment remains compliant with safety standards over time.

Maintenance and Calibration

Ensuring the long-term reliability and accuracy of ATEX-compliant flow meters requires a diligent approach to maintenance and calibration. Regular maintenance is essential to keep the flow meter in optimal operating condition and to prevent any potential safety issues.

Routine inspections are a fundamental aspect of maintaining ATEX-compliant flow meters. These inspections should check for wear and tear, leakage, and any signs of damage to the device or its components. Identifying and addressing issues early can prevent minor problems from escalating into major failures that could compromise safety and measurement accuracy.

Calibration is another critical component of maintaining flow meters. Over time, the accuracy of a flow meter can drift due to factors such as sensor wear, environmental conditions, and fluid characteristics. Regular calibration ensures that the flow meter continues to provide precise measurements. The frequency of calibration depends on factors such as the type of flow meter, the criticality of the measurements, and the environmental conditions. Following manufacturer recommendations for calibration intervals and procedures is essential.

Maintenance should also include cleaning of the flow meter components. Accumulation of debris, particulates, or fluid residues can affect the performance of the flow meter. Clean components ensure accurate flow measurement and prolong the lifespan of the device. For example, in turbine flow meters, cleaning the rotor and bearings is vital to prevent blockages or friction that could impair functionality.

In hazardous environments, maintenance and calibration activities must be carried out with utmost caution. Only trained personnel with proper authorization should perform these tasks. Implementing strict safety protocols, such as using non-sparking tools and wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), is essential to prevent accidents.

Documenting all maintenance and calibration activities is crucial for regulatory compliance and operational efficiency. Detailed maintenance records help track the performance of the flow meter, identify recurring issues, and plan future maintenance schedules. These records can also serve as evidence of compliance during safety audits and inspections.

Finally, considering the total cost of ownership is essential when planning maintenance and calibration activities. While regular maintenance and calibration might incur additional costs, they can extend the lifespan of the flow meter and prevent costly breakdowns and replacements, ultimately providing better value and enhanced safety.

In summary, selecting ATEX-compliant flow meters for hazardous environments involves considering various factors, such as the type of fluid, environmental conditions, installation requirements, accuracy, cost, certification, and documentation. Understanding ATEX directives and their significance ensures compliance with safety standards and legal obligations. Proper maintenance and calibration practices are essential to ensure long-term reliability and accuracy. With thorough consideration of these factors, you can select the most suitable ATEX-compliant flow meter for your specific application, ensuring safety, efficiency, and regulatory compliance in hazardous environments.

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