Domestic unsolved problems of the intelligent meter instrument: flowmeter are susceptible to interference, external vibration and the vibration of the industrial field is widespread;

Limited range lower limit, cannot be accurately measure low flow rate, small flow rate.

When traffic hours, the sensor output signal is weak, easy to submerged by noise.

So adopt the method of digital signal processing (DSP) to solve these problems appeared in the low velocity signal from strong noise, thus expand smart meters range limit.

In order to achieve the accurate measurement of low flow velocity signal, using more powerful FPGA chip to play better effect of digital processing method to improve detection precision.
1.

Digital vortex flowmeter hardware structure design of hardware mainly is: the vortex signal processing circuit, liquid crystal display circuit, keyboard control circuit and the FPGA algorithm processing module.
The block diagram as shown in figure 1.
1.

1 choose TI microprocessor MSP430 series MCU, is a kind of with ultra-low power consumption of the powerful microcontroller.
Working current depending on working mode is 0.
1μ
A -
280μ
A, the voltage of 1.
8 v to 3.
6V。

MSP430F149 has rich on-chip outside moulding piece, the precision of built-in 12 AD conversion module, precision analog comparator, multiplier, etc of the more important interface to the hardware module, this can save the outside of the CPU module, ask when improving the efficiency of code execution.

In the digital occupies a very important position in the vortex flow meter.
1.

2 analog signal processing module is coming from the vortex street sensor alternating voltage signal, and ten contains A lot of noise and vibration, so be through specific circuit into A microprocessor to identify the voltage signal, then the results by the A/D conversion circuit into the CPU.

Vortex signal processing circuit including signal amplifying circuit and filter circuit.

Coming from the vortex street sensor is relatively weak alternating voltage signal, this signal is not easy to obtain and microprocessor processing, so it should pass before entering the CPU signal conditioning circuit to form A certain rule, must have the strength of the signal, and then by the A/D conversion circuit analog voltage into A signal into A digital signal to digital signal processing.

As shown in figure 2, the Vi is an alternating voltage signal, which range from 0 to 1 v.

2 v, phase signals from 0 to 180 degrees.

In view of the A/D conversion circuit of MSP430 cannot be negative voltage conversion, when making signal amplification and A reference voltage, Vref to do so after the signal amplification in V, suitable for the requirements of the AD conversion circuit.

Amplifier A1 is mainly for signal amplification, magnification of 100, and A2 in the second-level amplification and low-pass filtering, including the role of C3 and C4 is to filter, filter the part of the high frequency interference signals.

Through the signal amplification and filtering processing, Vo becomes relatively good signal, can be used for analysis of microprocessor.

Vo of the quality of the signal and velocity signal frequency is proportional to the signal frequency is higher, the quality of the Vo, the better.
1.

3 keyboard display the function of the keyboard module mainly through the keyboard monitor complete display, environmental impact and initialization parameter Settings, etc.
The keyboard USES the noncoding keyboard.

Keyboard employs four keys: set the national health, incremental, shift and environmental interference detection ten keys.

Before a key in the form of a key multi-purpose complete display content selection, parameter setting function, keys are used to determine the environmental interference in real-time interference caused by external vibration frequency.

Keyboard circuit adopts resistance on the falling edge, the interrupt way to connect and CPU, achieve response keyboard control procedures.

However, due to adopt non coding keyboard and dragon hardware & other;
Eliminate shake & throughout;

Circuit, so that need in the software & other;
To shake & throughout;
。

The effect of liquid crystal display module mainly display of measured data, the parameter of the measured medium state of displaying and parameter Settings.

LCD display content of JianShi is determined by the state of the keyboard, the display, LCD display frequency, flow, medium temperature, pressure, etc. ;

In the parameter setting state, display and parameter about content, setting, etc.
2.

The FPGA algorithm processing module adopts ACEX1K device EPIK50TC144 series of Altera company as the FPGA realization of cross-correlation algorithm.

EPIK50TC144 device has the following features: 1.
High performance.

Can be on a single chip to implement low power design, device integration within the enhanced embedded array blocks (
EAB)

, such as high speed memory can be realized and Mega functions of specific logic.
2.
High density.

Series ACEX1K device contains logical unit (
莱斯)
From 576 to 4992.
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Advantages of throttling differential pressure flowmeter ① The standard orifice plate structure in throttling differential pressure flowmeter is easy to replicate, simple and firm, stable and reliable in performance, and low in price. It can be used without real flow calibration, which is rare in flow meters. ② Wide range of applications. It is not only suitable for all single-phase fluids, but also can measure some mixed-phase flows, such as gas-solid, gas-liquid, solid-liquid, etc. ③ Suitable for high temperature, high pressure, large diameter and small flow. ④ Insensitivity to vibration, especially superior anti-interference ability. (Limitations of the phantom throttle differential pressure flowmeter ① The measurement accuracy is at a medium level in the flowmeter. Due to the intricate influence of many factors, the accuracy is difficult to improve. ② The range is narrow, because the instrument signal (differential pressure) and the flow rate are Square relationship, the general range is only 3:1〜4:1. ③ On-site installation conditions are relatively high, and if a long straight pipe section (orifice plate, nozzle) is required, it is generally difficult to meet. ④ The pressure introduction pipeline between the throttling device and the differential pressure display instrument is a weak link, which is prone to leakage and blockage And freezing, signal distortion and other faults. The newly developed integrated throttling differential pressure flowmeter, although there are still pressure induction pipelines, but the length is less than 1 melon, thus reducing the defects in this area. Large pressure loss (referring to the hole Plate, Nozzle>
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How to correctly understand the working principle of thermal gas mass flowmeter Thermal gas mass flowmeter is being recognized and used by more and more users due to its excellent characteristics, and has been applied in many gas flow measurement occasions. However, there are many problems and misunderstandings in these applications. Many manufacturers' irresponsible misleading propaganda and product quality defects have caused many obstacles and blind spots in the use of products, causing many users to misunderstand thermal gas mass flowmeters. Some blindly think that thermal flowmeters can measure gases under all working conditions, while others reject and oppose thermal flowmeters. The origin of the thermal gas mass flowmeter comes from the hot wire anemometer. The temperature of the platinum heating wire has a proportional relationship with the change of the fluid flow rate: the faster the flow rate, the more heat is taken away. The following briefly explains why the mass flow rate of gas can be obtained by detecting the change of heat. Formula: H=m×Cp×ΔT Measured heat H, while fixing the temperature difference ΔT, for a gas with a fixed specific heat capacity Cp, the mass flow rate m of the gas can be directly obtained. Next, we will explain from the microcosm why it is the direct mass flow measurement of gas. Gas molecules contact with the heating wall to complete heat conduction and take away the heat on the probe. Since the ability of different gas molecules to take away heat is different, if the thermal conductivity of gas molecules is known (the Cp value is known), the number of gas molecules flowing through can be directly obtained by measuring the dissipated electric power (the number of gas molecules is also is the mass number), so as to obtain the mass flow rate of the gas. We use the formula: H=m×Cp×ΔT transformation, you can get: m=H/Cp×ΔT Among them: m is the gas mass flow rate, H is the compensated electric power, Cp is the specific heat capacity at constant pressure, which is related to the gas type, and ΔT is the temperature difference between the two probes. From the above formula, two thermal principles can be derived: keep the denominator temperature difference constant The mass flow rate of the gas is obtained by measuring the amount of heat H taken away by the gas in real time. This is the mainstream constant temperature differential heat type in the market. If the heat H of the molecule is kept constant, and the temperature difference is measured in real time to obtain the gas mass flow rate, it is the constant power thermal formula. The principle of constant temperature difference has very good low flow characteristics, even if the mass flow rate is as low as 0.1Nm/s, it has good linearity. In addition, it has the ability to respond quickly. The principle of constant power can detect higher flow rate changes, and has very good performance in high flow rate applications, but the low flow rate characteristics are not as good as the constant temperature difference, and secondly, the response time is relatively poor compared to the constant temperature difference.
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The Precision of Thermal Mass Flow Meters in Pharmaceutical Inhaler Production

Introduction:

Efficient and accurate measurement of fluid flow is crucial in pharmaceutical inhaler production. With advancements in technology, thermal mass flow meters have emerged as a reliable solution for flow measurement. This article delves into the precision of thermal mass flow meters and their impact on pharmaceutical inhaler production. We will explore the working principle of these meters, discuss their advantages and limitations, and highlight their significance in ensuring high-quality inhalers.

1. The Working Principle of Thermal Mass Flow Meters:

Thermal mass flow meters operate on the principle of thermal dispersion. A heated element within the meter continuously measures the cooling effect caused by the fluid flow. As the fluid passes over the sensor, heat is absorbed, leading to a temperature change. The meter accurately measures this temperature change and calculates the flow rate based on it. The precision of these meters depends on the ability to measure even the slightest changes in temperature accurately.

2. Accurate Flow Measurement for Optimal Inhaler Production:

In pharmaceutical inhaler production, precise flow measurement is essential to ensure the proper dosage of medication is delivered to patients. Thermal mass flow meters offer high accuracy and repeatability, making them an ideal choice for this application. By providing real-time flow data, these meters enable manufacturers to monitor and regulate flow rates during the production process, ensuring consistent and accurate inhaler performance.

3. Advantages of Thermal Mass Flow Meters in Pharmaceutical Inhaler Production:

a) Wide Measuring Range: The versatility of thermal mass flow meters allows them to measure a wide range of flow rates, accommodating different stages of inhaler production. This feature eliminates the need for multiple flow meters, reducing costs and simplifying the monitoring process.

b) Low Pressure Drop: Unlike some alternative flow measurement methods, thermal mass flow meters offer low-pressure drop, minimizing disruption to the fluid flow. This characteristic is crucial in pharmaceutical inhaler production, where any interruptions to the flow can lead to inconsistent dosage delivery.

c) Multi-Gas Capability: Pharmaceutical inhalers often contain various propellants or gases. Thermal mass flow meters can accurately measure flow rates of different gases, promoting flexibility in inhaler production. This capability ensures that each component of the inhaler is delivered precisely, resulting in a consistent product.

d) Easy Installation and Maintenance: Thermal mass flow meters require minimal installation space and offer easy integration into existing production lines. Their robust design reduces the need for frequent maintenance, saving both time and resources.

4. Limitations of Thermal Mass Flow Meters:

While thermal mass flow meters provide excellent precision in most scenarios, it is essential to acknowledge their limitations to ensure accurate flow measurement in pharmaceutical inhaler production.

a) Gas Composition: Thermal mass flow meters work based on the assumption of constant gas composition. Any significant deviations in gas composition can lead to inaccuracies. Manufacturers must carefully consider gas composition variations to achieve precise flow measurements consistently.

b) Calibration Factors: Thermal mass flow meters require calibration, typically performed using reference gases. Deviations from reference conditions may affect the meter's accuracy. Regular calibration and adherence to proper calibration procedures are vital to maintain precision.

c) Ambient Conditions: Ambient temperature and pressure can influence the accuracy of thermal mass flow meters. Variations in these conditions may cause discrepancies in flow measurement. Manufacturers must ensure environmental stability to minimize errors in flow readings.

5. Significance of Precision in Pharmaceutical Inhaler Production:

Precision in pharmaceutical inhaler production is essential for several reasons:

a) Dosage Accuracy: Proper flow measurement ensures that the prescribed dosage of medication is delivered consistently in each inhaler. This accuracy is critical for patients relying on inhalers to manage respiratory conditions effectively.

b) Quality Control: Precise flow measurement is a fundamental aspect of quality control in inhaler production. Monitoring and regulating flow rates using thermal mass flow meters allow manufacturers to identify any deviations early on, preventing defective products from reaching the market.

c) Regulatory Compliance: The pharmaceutical industry operates under stringent regulations, and adherence to these guidelines is imperative. Precision flow measurement using thermal mass flow meters ensures compliance with regulatory standards, facilitating the approval process for inhaler products.

Conclusion:

The precision of thermal mass flow meters plays a vital role in ensuring high-quality pharmaceutical inhaler production. With their wide measuring range, low-pressure drop, multi-gas capability, and easy installation, these meters offer numerous advantages. However, understanding their limitations and taking necessary precautions is crucial to maintaining accuracy. By embracing thermal mass flow meters' precision, manufacturers can enhance inhaler production, improve patient outcomes, and meet regulatory requirements effectively.

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