The flow detection element of the mass flowmeter is composed of a vertical tapered tube that expands from bottom to top and a float group that moves up and down along the axis of the tapered tube. When the measured fluid of the mass flowmeter passes through the annular gap 3 formed by the tapered tube 1 and the float 2 from bottom to top, the upper and lower ends of the float will generate a differential pressure to form the upward force of the float. When the upward force on the float is greater than the weight of the float immersed in the fluid, The float will rise, the area of the annular gap will increase accordingly, the flow rate of the fluid in the annular gap will drop immediately, the differential pressure between the upper and lower ends of the float will decrease, and the lifting force acting on the float will also decrease, until the lifting force is equal to the weight immersed in the fluid, the float will stabilized at a certain height. There is a corresponding relationship between the height of the float in the conical tube and the passing flow. The mass flowmeter adopts a typical structure of a transparent conical tube with a caliber. The most commonly used transparent tapered tube is made of borosilicate glass, which is commonly referred to as glass tube mass flowmeter. The flow graduation is directly engraved on the outer wall of the tapered pipe 4, and a graduated scale is also installed beside the tapered pipe. There are two types of conical tube inner chambers: conical smooth surface and ribbed with guiding ribs. The float moves freely in the conical tube, or moves under the guidance of the ribs of the conical tube, and the instrument with a smooth inner wall with a larger mouth is also guided by a guide rod. The mass flowmeter adopts a right-angle installation method of metal pipe. The typical structure of the mass flowmeter is usually suitable for instruments with a diameter of 15-40mm or more. Cone tube 5 and float 4 form the flow detection element. There is an extension part of the guide rod 3 inside the casing, and the displacement of the float is transmitted to the conversion part outside the casing by means of magnetic steel coupling and the like. The conversion part has two types: local indication and remote signal output. In addition to the right-angle installation structure, there is also a straight-through structure in which the center line of the inlet and outlet is concentric with the tapered tube, which is usually used for instruments with a diameter of less than 10-15mm. In fact, the same instrument of most mass flow meters can be used for both liquid and gas, and the structure is common. It’s just that the flow limit Qmax stipulated in my country’s mass flowmeter industry standards must meet the requirements. When the instrument designed for liquid is used for gas, it does not meet the above requirements. Only floats and cones can be designed for gas, which are divided into two series: liquid and gas. Some foreign manufacturers list the flow ranges of liquid and gas in the same meter for the same meter. Of course, the flow values cannot all be rounded. Measuring steam can only use specially designed metal tube mass flowmeter or add additional components to the standard instrument, such as adding a liquid damping piece with cooling fins to reduce the jump of the float; the connection between the indicating conversion part and the connecting part is separated by a cooling fin. The mass flowmeter can be used for a lower Reynolds number. Viscosity-insensitive floats are selected. As long as the Reynolds number at the circulation ring gap is greater than 40 or 500, the flow coefficient will remain constant when the Reynolds number changes, that is, the change of fluid viscosity will not affect the flow coefficient. This value is far lower than the minimum Reynolds number requirement of 104-105 for standard orifice and other throttle differential pressure instruments.
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