Application analysis of mass flowmeter in gas-liquid two-phase measurement

Application analysis of mass flowmeter in gas-liquid two-phase measurement With the development of society, people's life is more and more widely used in fluid, especially in the industry, more and more production needs to detect and control fluid (including gas and liquid, etc. ) physical parameters. This paper analyzes the flow measurement methods of several typical fluids, and expounds the basic principle and application of Coriolis mass flowmeter. 1 Common fluid measurement methods 1.1 Gas flow measurement methods There are many types of gases that need to measure the flow rate, and the measuring instruments and meters are also very different. Take the measurement of natural gas flow as an example: At present, the measurement of international natural gas trade is divided into three types: volumetric measurement, mass measurement and energy measurement. Both mass measurement and energy measurement are used in industrially developed countries, while my country currently basically uses volumetric measurement Mainly. 1.2 Measurement method of liquid flow Common liquids include water, petroleum, liquefied gas, etc. The measurement of water flow is not difficult. Most of the flowmeters with different principles can measure the capacity of water, but it is not guaranteed to work well if you just install one. This is because the cleanliness of water is different and the fluid working conditions are different, so the range of flow measurement will be very different; petroleum has a certain viscosity, so the measuring instruments selected for petroleum products with different viscosities are different. Crude oil, heavy oil, and residual oil are often heated to a higher temperature for ease of transportation. The fluid contains solid impurities and needs to be filtered before measurement; liquefied gas is a liquid with high saturated vapor pressure, and the problem of vaporization must be considered during measurement, so the flowmeters used are also relatively special, such as vortex flowmeters, turbine flowmeters, volumetric Type flowmeter, Coriolis mass flowmeter, etc. 1.3 Measurement method of gas-liquid multi-phase fluid Flow measurement of gas-liquid two-phase fluid From the manufacturer's information, it can be seen that there are several instruments that can be used to measure the flow of two-phase fluid with a low discrete phase concentration, and there are also some in practical applications. There are some successful application examples, but the flowmeters currently used are all evaluated for their measurement performance under the state of single-phase flow, and there is no evaluation standard for system changes when flowmeters calibrated with single-phase flow are used to measure two-phase flow, so It is not very clear how much error such application will bring, only some sporadic data and some qualitative analysis. Commonly used gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement instruments include: electromagnetic flowmeter, Coriolis mass flowmeter, ultrasonic flowmeter, etc. 1.4 Measuring principle of Coriolis mass flowmeter 1.4.1 Formation of Coriolis force Coriolis force is generated by Coriolis acceleration. This acceleration was discovered by the French engineer Coriolis while studying the mechanical theory of water turbines. The Coriolis force is a description of the offset of the linear motion of the mass point in the rotating system due to inertia relative to the linear motion generated by the rotating system. The Coriolis force comes from the inertia of the object's motion. The particle moving in a straight line in the rotating system has a tendency to continue moving along the original direction of motion due to inertia, but because the system itself is rotating, after a period of motion, the position of the particle in the system will change. Change, and the direction of its original movement trend, if viewed from the perspective of the rotating system, will deviate to a certain extent. When a mass point moves in a straight line relative to the inertial system, its trajectory is a curved line relative to the rotating system. Based on the rotating system, we believe that there is a force that drives the trajectory of the particle to form a curve, and this force is the Coriolis force. The calculation formula of Coriolis force is: where F is Coriolis force; m is the mass of particle; Vr is the motion velocity (vector) of particle relative to the stationary reference system; ω is the angular velocity (vector) of the rotating system ;×Indicates the sign of the outer product of two vectors. 1.4.2 Principle of Elbow Flowmeter In principle, when the measured medium passes through the vibrating measuring pipe, the Coriolis force can be directly used for mass flow measurement. Measuring pipes are often U-shaped as shown. The pipe is supported by a rigid fixture and vibrates along the A-A' axis via the exciter E, forming a rotating reference system along this axis. If a small blob of fluid is observed in the inlet section, its mass element flows out of the fixed end. The mass element moves on a circular arc trajectory as the pipe radius gradually increases. When the elbow moves upward, a downward Coriolis force is formed. At the same time, observing the state of the outlet section, the mass element flows into the fixed end. A Coriolis force in an upward direction is also generated. Due to the symmetrical configuration, the Coriolis force exhibits the same magnitude but different sign on both sides. When the fluid flows, due to the action of the moment, the measuring pipe produces an additional twisting motion along the BB' axis. Sensors S1 and S2 are respectively installed at the inlet section and the outlet section to detect the displacement of the pipeline along the A-A' and BB' axes. The time to signal zero crossing is the detected amount of pipe distortion, which is proportional to the mass flow through the pipe.

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