The working principle and application of several common flowmeters

Abstract: The working principle and application introduction information of several common flowmeters are provided by excellent flowmeter and flowmeter manufacturers and quotation manufacturers. Differential pressure flowmeter Differential pressure flowmeter is a widely used flow measuring instrument, accounting for about 70% of the total number of flow measuring instruments. It consists of a throttling device and a differential pressure transmitter. When the fluid filled with the circular tube flows through the throttling component (such as the orifice plate), the flow beam forms a local contraction at the orifice plate. For more flowmeter manufacturers to select models and price quotations, you are welcome to inquire. The following are the working principles and application details of several common flowmeters. Differential pressure flowmeter Differential pressure flowmeter is a widely used flow measuring instrument, accounting for about 70% of the total number of flow measuring instruments. It consists of a throttling device and a differential pressure transmitter. When the fluid filled with the circular tube flows through the throttling component (such as the orifice plate), the flow beam forms a local contraction at the orifice plate. As the flow rate increases and the static pressure decreases, a pressure differential is created before and after the orifice, which is proportional to the square of the flow rate. Orifice flowmeter, also known as differential pressure flowmeter, consists of a main detection part (throttle) and an auxiliary device (differential pressure transmitter and flow accumulator) to measure the flow of gas, steam and liquid . It has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient maintenance, stable performance and reliable use. The throttling orifice throttling device is a standard throttling component, which can be directly produced according to the following national standards without calibration. ①Design, installation and use of flow measurement throttling device in national standard GB 2622006. ②Various throttling devices specified in the international standard ISO 5167. ③The Ministry of Chemical Industry standard GJ 5187G-HK06. Fluid filled in the pipe flows through the throttling device in the pipe, causing a local contraction near the throttling element, increasing the flow rate and creating a static pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides (see Figure 1). Figure 1. Changes in pressure and flow when the fluid flows through the throttling device. When the relevant parameters are known, according to the principle of flow continuity and Bernoulli's equation, the relationship between the pressure difference and the flow can be deduced to obtain the flow. Where p is the pressure difference before and after the throttling device, and q is the instantaneous flow. Due to the nature of the fluid, the relationship between the differential pressure and flow measured by the throttling device is the relationship between the square root and the square root. At present, several typical flow measurement devices are widely used, such as electromagnetic flowmeters, vortex flowmeters, ultrasonic flowmeters, etc. Electromagnetic flowmeter Electromagnetic flowmeter is a new type of flow measuring instrument developed rapidly with the development of electronic technology in the 1950s and 1960s. Electromagnetic flowmeters are made according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction and are used to measure the volumetric flow of conductive liquids. Due to its unique advantages, electromagnetic flowmeters have been widely used in the flow measurement of various conductive liquids in industrial processes, such as acid, alkali, salt and other corrosive media; field of application. Structurally, an electromagnetic flowmeter consists of an electromagnetic flow sensor and a converter. The sensor is installed on the industrial process pipeline, and its function is to linearly convert the liquid volume flow value flowing into the pipeline into an induced potential signal, and send the signal to the converter through the transmission line. The converter is installed not far from the sensor, it amplifies the flow signal sent by the sensor and converts it into a standard electrical signal proportional to the flow signal for display, accumulation and adjustment control. Figure 2 The basic principle of electromagnetic flowmeter measurement The measurement principle of electromagnetic flowmeter is based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. The measuring tube of the flowmeter is a short tube of non-magnetic alloy lined with insulating material. The two electrodes pass through the tube wall along the diameter of the tube and are fixed on the measuring tube. The electrode tip is substantially flush with the inner surface of the liner. When the excitation coil is excited by two wave pulses, a working magnetic field with a magnetic flux density b will be generated in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the measuring tube. At this time, if a fluid with a certain conductivity flows through the measuring tube, the cutting magnetic field line will induce an electromotive force e. The electromotive force e is proportional to the product of the magnetic flux density b, the inner diameter of the measuring tube d and the average flow velocity u. The electromotive force e (flow signal) is detected by the electrodes and sent to the converter through a cable. After the converter amplifies the flow signal, it can display the fluid flow, and output signals such as pulse and analog current for flow control and regulation. E = signal voltage between electrodes, expressed by the formula E=KBdu, v; k is the coefficient; b is the magnetic flux density, t; d is the inner diameter of the measuring tube, m; u is the average flow velocity, m/s; in this formula , k and d are constants because the excitation current is constant and b is also constant. From E=KBdu, it can be known that the volume flow Q is proportional to the signal voltage E, that is, the signal voltage E caused by the flow is linear with the volume flow Q. Therefore, as long as e is measured, the flow q can be determined, which is the electromagnetic The basic working principle of a flowmeter. It can be seen from E=KBdu that the temperature, density, pressure, electrical conductivity and liquid-solid composition ratio of the liquid-solid two-phase fluid medium will not affect the measurement results. As for the flow state,As long as the flow is axisymmetric (eg laminar or turbulent), it will not affect the measurement results. Therefore, the electromagnetic flowmeter is a true volume flowmeter. For manufacturers and users, the volume flow of any other conductive fluid medium can only be measured after an actual calibration with ordinary water, without any correction.

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