How does a mass flow meter work?

How does a mass flow meter work? What is a mass flow meter? Thermal mass flow meters measure the flow of a gas mass based on the convective heat transfer from a heated surface to a flowing fluid. The assembly of a basic thermal mass flow meter consists of two temperature sensors with an electric heater between them. The heater can protrude into the fluid stream or be located outside the pipe. In the past, mass flow was usually calculated from the output of volume flow meters and density meters. Density can be measured directly or calculated using the output of process temperature and pressure transmitters. These mass flow measurements are not very accurate because the relationship between process pressure or temperature and density is not always precise - each sensor adds its own independent error to the overall measurement error, and the speed of response of this calculation Usually not large enough to detect step changes in flow. How does a mass flow meter work? Mass flow meters operate by introducing a known amount of heat into a stream and measuring the associated temperature change, or by keeping the probe at a constant temperature and measuring the energy required to do so. High turndown ratios (10:1 to 100:1) are available if the thermal flow meter is operated in constant differential temperature mode. Alternatively, if the heat input is constant, the ability to detect very small temperature differences will be limited, and both accuracy and turndown will suffer. At normal flow rates, the measurement error is typically within 1-2% of full scale. Mass Flow Meter Principle Thermal mass flow meters are very commonly used to regulate low airflows. They operate by introducing a known amount of heat into a flowing stream and measuring the associated temperature change, or by keeping the probe at a constant temperature and measuring the energy required to do so. The assembly of a basic thermal mass flow meter consists of two temperature sensors and an electric heater positioned between them. The heater can protrude into the fluid stream or be located outside the pipe. The power required to maintain the temperature differential is directly proportional to the mass flow. The mass flow rate (m) is calculated from the measured temperature difference (T1-T2), meter coefficient (k), electrical heat rate (q) and specific heat (Cp) of the fluid.

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